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Do you love summer as much as I do?

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We'll celebrate the end of summer in this video by studying several conversations about your summer.

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You'll study some important reductions and learn the phrasal verb, wrap-up,

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as well as great vocabulary words like opportunity and chaotic.

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Watch all the way to the end to learn things like what is an extended family versus a nuclear family

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and how to use 'bookend' and 'tied to' figuratively.

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Mom, how's your summer been?

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It's been good.

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We usually go out to Colorado late May, early June,

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but this year, we had an opportunity to babysit our grandson in Philadelphia.

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You're welcome.

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Opportunity.

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This is a great vocabulary word.

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It means a set of circumstances that make something possible.

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We had a trip and so we invited my parents to come take care of Stoney while we were gone.

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Sample sentences:  I had the opportunity to go to NYC for the weekend

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because my friend was out of town and offered me her apartment.

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Or, my work offered to fly me to a conference in Anaheim

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so I took the opportunity to visit Disneyland while I was there.

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But this year, we had an opportunity to babysit our grandson in Philadelphia.

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You're welcome.

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Do you know the term babysit?

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This means to care for someone else’s children.

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It’s also a noun.

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Every month or so, David and I hire a babysitter to watch Stoney so we can go out.

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In the US, the term has evolved and we now use the terms 'house-sitter 'and 'pet-sitter'

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to refer to people paid to look after our houses or pets while we travel.

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These can be used as a verb as well:

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I’m going to house sit for my aunt and uncle for a month while they’re in China.

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But this year, we had an opportunity to babysit our grandson in Philadelphia.

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You're welcome.

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In late July....in late June, so we waited to go out to Colorado until we did that.

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What are you going to do to wrap-up your summer?

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Um, we're almost at the end here.

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Wrap up:  this phrasal verb means to end something.

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Notice the W is silent.

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What are you doing to wrap up your summer?

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Another example sentence with this phrasal verb:

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I think we covered everything – why don’t we wrap up the meeting?

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This verb can also mean to cover in something.

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For example, you might wrap up a gift before giving it to someone:

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cover it in nice paper, maybe a bow.

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When I was at the beach this summer with Stoney, he got cold when he got out of the water.

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I said, “come here and I’ll wrap you up in a towel.”

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Wrap up.

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What are you going to do to wrap-up your summer?

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Um, we're almost at the end here.

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Well, I have a, we spent a week here in a camp with my extended family.

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Extended family is different from your nuclear family.

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A nuclear family is made up of just two generations:

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a parent or parents and his or her children.

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An extended family goes beyond that:

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spouses of children, children of children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, etcetera.

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I have a vocabulary video that goes over the terms we use for various family members.

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I’ll be sure to link to that video at the end of this video.

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Well, I have a, we spent a week here in a camp with my extended family.

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And then we're going to go visit some friends in Northern Michigan,

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and then, we're going to drive up to Isle Royale National Park

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which is an island in Lake Superior.

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A national park is park set aside by the national government for conservation

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and the preservation of wildlife,

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and the enjoyment of the people.

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In the US, we have about 60 of these parks.

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You’re looking at some pictures that I have taken while enjoying some of the national parks of the US.

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Then, we're going to drive up to Isle Royale National Park

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which is an island in Lake Superior.

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Is there anything else like kayaking or biking or is it mostly just hiking?

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Oh, it's mostly hiking, although they do have kayaks.

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Kayak, this word is a palindrome,

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which means it’s spelled the same way forward and backward.

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Have you ever gone kayaking before?

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I find it very tiring!

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Is there anything else like kayaking or biking or is it mostly just hiking?

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Oh, it's mostly hiking, although they do have kayaks.

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But I don't think they have bikes out there.

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Are you going to do any swimming or is it really chilly up there?

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>>It's cold.
>>Yeah.

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>>It would be really cold.
>>Yeah

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Did you hear how I described the water in Lake Superior?

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I said ‘chilly’.

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This is another way to say ‘cold’.

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You wouldn’t say ‘chilly’ for something that was very cold or extremely cold.

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It's cold, it’s not comfortable, but it’s definitely not as cold as it could be.

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It's chilly.

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Are you going to do any swimming or is it really chilly up there?

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>>It's cold.
>>Yeah.

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>>It would be really cold.
>>Yeah.

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The water.

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How's your summer been?

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It's been great! We started out...

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One of the things that is fun about our summers

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is we have David's family's beach week at the beginning of the summer to get things going.

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And then we have my family's week here at Lake Michigan at the end of the summer.

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So we have these two really great weeks that's sort of bookend our summer and...

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>> mark it.
>>That's nice!

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>> Yeah!
>> Yeah!

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Bookends:  there are objects that you use on a bookshelf to keep your books upright,

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often one on either side of a set of books.

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But we can also use this term figuratively.

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This would be anything that appears on either side of something.

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Here, I’m talking about two vacations that bookend our summer:

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one at the beginning with David’s family,

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and one at the end with my family.

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We have two great vacations to bookend our summer.

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So we have these two really great weeks that's sort of bookend our summer and...

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>> mark it. 
>> That's nice.

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>>Yeah!
>>Yeah!

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The month and a half or so in between has been pretty chaotic.

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Chaotic.  This word is spelled with a CH, but it’s pronounced with a K sound.

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Chaotic.

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Chaos.

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Chaotic means disorganized, in turmoil.

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It often refers to too much going on, being too busy.

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The month and a half or so in between has been pretty chaotic

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with getting ready to go on a maternity leave and working extra overtime.

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We had two terms related to work there.

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‘Maternity leave’ refers to the period of time a woman takes off from work after having or adopting a baby.

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‘Paternity leave’ is the time that a man takes off from work when welcoming a new baby to the family.

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Maternity, paternity.

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Notice in both of these words, the first T is a True T because it starts a stressed syllable.

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The second T is a Flap T because it comes between two vowels but doesn’t start a stressed syllable.

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Maternity, paternity.

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With getting ready to go on a maternity leave and working extra overtime.

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The other term you heard was ‘overtime’.  This refers to working more than your usual number of hours.

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For example, in the US, at many companies, the standard work week is 40 hours.

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Depending on your job, if you work more than 40 hours, that's considered overtime and you might receive higher pay for those hours above 40.

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A compound word, stress on the first word, over.

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Overtime.

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With getting ready to go on a maternity leave and working extra overtime

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to get all my YouTube videos ready, to get everything for my academy ready.

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So I've definitely been working more than normal and

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too much, if that was my normal, something would have to change.

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But it's not the normal. It's just to get ready for the new baby.

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But the summer has been great! I love summer. You know, as an adult,

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we don't have kids in school yet

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and neither of us works in the school system or the university system.

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So summer is sort of just like

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every day life but it's not because you still always take vacations in the summer.

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Summer is about, I don't know, it's something still so tied to the school schedule.

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I’ve just used the term ‘tied to’, and I’ll use it several more times here.

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This doesn’t literally mean that I am tied to an object.

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We mean it to talk about something that is paired together, that goes together,

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something that we must adhere to or rules that we must follow.

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It usually implies some kind of a limit.

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For example, I can work anytime from anywhere,

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but I used to be tied to David’s work schedule.

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We had to be in Philly on certain days.

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An example sentence:  I like to cook all sorts of different things,

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but I’m tied to the ingredients I can buy in my town.

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I can’t cook all the things I want, because I don’t have access to certain foods

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needed to make some international dishes.

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Summer is about, I don't know, it's something still so tied to the school schedule.

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The summer is where even if you're not tied to the school schedule, you're doing stuff.

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Probably 'cause all of your other family, you know, is tied to a school schedule.

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But yeah, we feel really lucky that we get to take advantage of it with the two weeks,

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with one week with each of our families and...

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Yeah, I hadn't thought about that but that they're just at the perfect time.

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>>Um, with those space in between to...
>> Right?

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>> do other things.
>> The start of summer...

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The end of summer, and then a few:

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want to take a trip in the middle to go do something extra exciting somewhere you can?

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But yeah it's a fun way to sort of start and end.

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>>Yeah.
>>The summer.

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Thank you Mom for sitting down to talk with me about this.

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Now let’s get a different perspective

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from my cousin’s 10-year-old daughter.

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>> So Ani, how was your summer?
>> Good.

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How was your summer?

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This is a conversation starter question you can use with somebody

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that you see around the end of August  or beginning of September.

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>> So Ani, how was your summer?
>> Good.

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What did you do?

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What did you do?

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Did you hear how I pronounced this phrase?

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We can take the words ‘what’ and ‘did’

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and combine them by making the final sound of WHAT a D instead of a T.

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WUD. WUD.

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That’s something you’ll hear Americans do.

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Also, it’s common to take an ending D sound and combine it with ‘you’ to make a J sound.

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Wa-ju.  Wa-ju. Wa-ju-do?

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Do you hear the J sound?

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Wa-ju.  Wa-ju do?

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What did you do?

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We went to San Francisco and I saw this really cool breakdancing show.

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Breakdancing.

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Chances are, you know what this is.

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In New York City, it’s common to see fabulous dancers performing on sidewalks and in subways.

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We went to San Francisco and I saw this really cool breakdancing show.

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Or seeing that, like, big prison.

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>> Alcatraz?
>> Yeah. And the Golden Gate bridge.

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Alcatraz and the Golden Gate bridge are two popular sights in San Francisco.

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Have you ever visited either of them?

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Or seeing that, like, big prison.

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>> Alcatraz?
>> Yeah. And the Golden Gate bridge.

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Did you tell her about going to camp?

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Did you go to camp?

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Yeah, we also, I also went to camp at Everheart.

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Is it sleep-away?

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A sleep-away camp is one where you send your kids and they stay over night, usually for a minimum of a week.

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This is different from a day camp,

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which is typically near your home,

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and where you would send your child during the day only.

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In the summer in America, when kids aren’t in school,

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it’s pretty common to send your kids to camp for families who can afford it.

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Is it sleep-away?

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Uh-huh.

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How long?

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One week.

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Fun.

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Did you love it?

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Uh-huh, my programs were rock climbing,

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arts and crafts, swimming.

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What did you do in the arts and crafts?

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Notice how I’m pronouncing ‘arts and crafts’.

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Two things:  The word AND is reduced:

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arts and-- arts ‘n’ crafts.

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Also, I drop the T in ‘crafts’.

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This is because it comes between two consonants, F and S.

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However, I didn't drop it in the word ‘arts’.

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Why?  It does come between two consonants there.

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It’s because of the R.

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We DO pronounce the T if it comes after an R and before another consonant,

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but we usually drop the T if it comes after any other consonant and before another consonant.

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Arts and crafts,

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arts and crafts.

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What did you do in the arts and crafts?

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What did you make?

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Wa-ju make?

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Another example of taking ‘what did you’ and reducing it to ‘wa-ju’.

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Wa-ju make?

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Just like Wa-ju do? at the beginning of this video.

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Try that out loud with me now.

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Wa-ju.

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Wa-ju make?

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Wa-ju make?

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>> What did you make?
>> Um, so we made this, like,

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floral painting thing.

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>> That sounds pretty. 
>> And we also did tie-dye.

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Tie-dye.

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A favorite summer camp activity.

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Have you ever done tie-dye?

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Notice the two words are spelled differently,

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but they both make the AI as in BUY diphthong.

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Tie-dye,

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tie-dye.

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And we also did tie-dye.

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>> Wow! You did a lot!
>> Mmm-hmm.

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What a great summer.

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Yeah.

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>> How old are you?
>> Ten.

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>> That's a good ten-year-old summer. 
>> Yeah.

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Thank you Ani for letting me interview you!

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Earlier in the video, when we were talking about extended family,

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I told you about a video I made on family vocabulary.

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Click here to watch that video to see the various terms we use for family members in English.

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To see other English conversations analyzed like this,

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click here for a full playlist.

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That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.